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KSC is 34 miles (54.7 kilometers) long, varying in width from 5 to 10 miles (8.0
to 16.1 kilometers) and encompassing 138,490 acres (56,451.7
hectares) or nearly 218 square miles (564.6 square kilometers)
of land. NASA manages the area with other Federal agencies including the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service and the National Park Service. On the following aerial photograph, NASA's two primary developed areas are the
Launch Complex (LS) 39 Area in the north, and the Industrial
Area in the center. Additionally, NASA owns and operates approximately 50 facilities located at the
Air Force 45th Space Wing's (45 SW's) Cape Canaveral
Air Force Station (CCAFS) to the east of KSC, across
the Banana River. Collectively, KSC and CCAFS function as the Cape Canaveral Spaceport. Many facilities were built in the early 1960's, with a second wave in the late
1970's. Facility functions include Space Shuttle and expendable launch vehicle processing/launch/landing,
Space Station and payload processing, and mission support
(office, warehouse, laboratory, telecommunications, shops,
etc.). Most major programs have their own facility engineering and operations and maintenance
(O&M) contractor.
KSC purchases energy utility services as a retail customer. Its
incoming facility energy mix is over 71 percent electricity,
over 28 percent natural gas, and the remainder fuel oil
and propane. The
following table summarizes how KSC obtains the two largest
components.
| Major Energy Sources |
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Electricity |
Natural Gas |
| Contact |
45SW w/Florida Power & Light (FPL) |
- Local Delivery: NASA with City Gas Company of Florida
- Commodity: Defense Energy Support Center with Interconn Resources, Inc. marketer
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| System Ownership |
- FPL: 115kiloVolt (KV) transmission
- NASA: 13.8 & 13.2KV distribution
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City Gas owns distribution |
| Billing |
- FPL bills KSC for 2 main substations & 9 small loads; rates by size
- NASA reimburses 45 SW for CCAFS facilities
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- City Gas bills KSC for 34 accounts; rates by size
- Interconn bills KSC for commodity; rate same for all buildings and fluctuates with monthly price index
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The following table and graphs summarize FY 2004 energy
consumption and cost for KSC and NASA facilities at CCAFS
in native units of megawatthour (MWh), dekatherm (Dth),
and gallon (gal.) as well as conversions into billion British
thermal unit (BBtu) for comparison.
| FY 2005
Consumption & Cost |
| Source |
Consumption |
Percent |
$ In millions |
| Electricity |
257,808 MWh |
71 |
16.7 |
| Natural
Gas |
346,476 Dth |
28 |
3.5 |
| #2
Fuel Oil |
56,280 gals |
<1 |
.1 |
| Propane |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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TOTAL |
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$20.3 |
This does not include approximately 71.4 BBtu and $1.3
million from reimbursable facilities such as the KSC Visitor
Complex, Air Force facilities located at KSC, Astronaut
Memorial Foundation Education Facility, NASA Exchange Service
Station, and Southern Bell Telephone Center.
Since the early 1990's, the Chief Financial Officer "direct
charges" facility energy costs to the appropriate KSC program according to facility use,
which helps motivate programs to improve energy efficiency
in their facilities. Due to global energy cost rate increases, KSC currently experiences higher costs
despite reduced consumption; however, cost rate increases
also help motivate better efficiency. The $/MMBtu for KSC's lowest unit cost electricity account and natural gas account,
which rose over 41 percent and 8.3 percent respectively,
comparing the last 12 months versus FY2000! View a chart
of the Energy Unit Cost History. KSC has no reason to believe these trends will revert to FY 2000 levels.
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Federal: 42 U.S.C. 8251, et seq., the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA), as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) (Public Law 102-486, 106 Stat. 2776)
EO 13123, Greening the Government through Efficient Energy Management
EO 13149, Greening the Government through Federal Fleet and Transportation Efficiency
EO 13221, Energy Efficiency Standby Power Devices
10
CFR 434, Energy Code for New Federal Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise Residential Buildings
10 CFR 435, Energy Conservation Voluntary Performance Standards for New Buildings; Mandatory for Federal Buildings
10 CFR 436, Federal Energy Management and Planning Programs (includes Life Cycle Costing)
PL
109-58, "Energy Policy Act of 2005"
NASA: NPD
8500.1, NASA Environmental Management
NPR 8570.1, Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation
KSC: CD
COMM #2005-08, Energy Conservation at Kennedy Space Center, September 8, 2005
KNPD
8500.1, KSC Environmental Management
KNPR 8500.1, KSC Environmental Requirements
KSC-PLN-1906, Energy Management Five-Year Plan
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NASA Energy Efficiency Panel: Per EO 13123, Greening the Government through Efficient Energy Management, NASA established
this agency team to:
- Expedite and encourage use of appropriations and alternative financing to meet the President's energy efficiency requirements and goals
- Provide a forum to guide planning and implementation of energy efficiency activities, including energy and water conservation, greenhouse gases reduction, and use of renewable energy sources
NPD 1000.3B, established this panel. The Charter can be viewed here. KSC is
represented by Center Operations Directorate.
Environmental Council:
This KSC council is chaired by the Center Director and
the membership includes the Directors from each directorate
and the Program Managers from each contractor and
meet quarterly. The Charter can be viewed
here.
KSC Energy Working Group:
Formed in July 1991 to ensure KSC makes continual progress towards compliance with Federal energy efficiency mandates and reducing energy costs. Regarding energy matters, provide a forum to develop policies and plans, report progress and accomplishments, increase awareness, advocate/pursue initiatives and technology applications, forecast consumption/cost, and foster consistency across all Center elements.
Charter
Roster
Photo
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| Complete list of NASA energy goals in NPR 8570.1, Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation Technologies and Practices |
| Area |
Goal |
Energy
use,
Standard Facilities |
30% below FY 1985 baseline by the end of FY2005;
35% by end of FY 2010 |
Energy
use,
Standard Facilities
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20% below FY 1990 baseline by end of FY 2005;
25% by end of FY2010 |
| Greenhouse
gas emissions |
30% below FY 1990 baseline by end of FY2010 |
| Renewable
energy use |
Expand onsite generation and purchases of green energy |
| Petroleum
use |
Reduce |
| Audits |
10% of building area per year until complete |
| Projects |
Implement all <10-year payback projects by 1.1.2005 |
| Life-cycle
cost analysis |
Use in investment decisions for purchases, construction and O&M |
| Products |
Buy upper 25% of energy efficiency and low standby power |
| Utility
costs |
Reduce |
Energy Use Goal: As
KSC formalized its EMS in 2004, the core team reviewed
environmental aspects of activities around the Center. The team ranked energy use among KSC's top ten high priority aspects. EMS records document the objective to reduce the facilities' Energy Use Index
(EUI) to EO 131123 target levels identified in the
goal summary table again below. EUIs measure Btus per square foot (sq ft); only Real Property type 1730 "counts"
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| Area |
Goal |
Energy use,
Standard Facilities |
30% below FY 1985 baseline by end of FY 2005;
35% by end of FY 2010 |
Energy use,
Standard Facilities |
20% below FY 1990 baseline by end of FY 2005;
25% by end of FY 2010 |
Energy Intensive Facilities (EIF) and Exempt metered
areas; Standard Facilities includes the remaining NASA-used
square footage (a metered area includes all square footage
associated with a meter, such as a primary facility and
a trailer fed from the same meter). Standard
and EIF have separate EUIs, but KSC does not maintain
an Exempt EUI because the category contains only long-term
environmental remediation sites. The KSC Energy Manager
tracks EUI reduction progress metrics and presents them
to the Environmental Council on a quarterly basis (plus
energy summary information appears on KSC's overall Environmental
Leadership metric). The 2005 FY-end metrics illustrate KSC's progress towards these goals.
| |
Standard |
EIF |
| Percent of 1730 sq ft |
75 |
25 |
| Percent
of facility energy |
69 |
31 |
| FY
2005 target percent below baseline |
30 |
20 |
| FY
2005 actual percent below baseline |
27 |
29.9 |
| Assessment |
Behind schedule |
Ahead of schedule |
| Percent
energy reduction for FY 2005 milestone |
not met |
Already achieved |
| BBtu
reduction for FY 2005 milestone |
not met |
Already achieved |
| Percent
energy reduction for FY 2010 |
11 |
Already achieved |
| BBtu
reduction for FY 2010 milestone |
93.7 |
Already achieved |
View the Energy
Intensive Facilities EUI ten box Metric here.
KSC divides the energy use goal internally according to facility O&M
responsibility as shown in the below table. For the facilities within its area of responsibility, each program plans its
own energy efficiency initiatives and pursues funding accordingly. This overall plan document includes separate sections containing each program's
plan to meet the energy use and other energy goals.
| Organization |
Standard sq ft |
EIF sq ft |
Exempt sq ft |
Total sq ft |
| GSFC/MILA |
40,153 |
0 |
0 |
40,153 |
| JP/J-BOSC |
1,670,630 |
276,109 |
76,290 |
2,023,029 |
| PH/SFOC |
4,209,035 |
0 |
0 |
4,209,035 |
| YA/LSSC |
0 |
104,000 |
0 |
104,000 |
| UB/CAPPS |
0 |
1,547,745 |
0 |
1,547,745 |
| Total |
5,919,828 |
1,927,854 |
76,290 |
7,923,962 |
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Center Operations Directorate coordinated the recent update of KSC's Energy Plan, KSC-PLN-1906 Rev A. Input was made by Directorates represented in the Energy Working Group (see Teams).
This document serves as the Energy Management Five-Year Plan of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Kennedy Space Center (KSC). The plan serves as a framework for managing the Center's energy program by:
- summarizing how KSC deploys an energy program that buys and uses energy wisely
- defining Agency energy goals at the Center and Subdivided levels
- documenting strategies to meet the goals
- describing planned contributions of initiatives and projects required to meet the goals
- identifying gaps where additional effort and resources are required to meet the goals
KSC based this plan on current Federal requirements applied to existing programs and will updated the document as requirements change. The Center developed the plan in a dynamic business climate where Agency programs and projects are undergoing significant change and large uncertainty exists in the fiscal dynamics of energy costs. Consequently, the plan requires constant evaluation to remain viable.
Because NASA's vision and mission spotlight sustaining
life on Earth and elsewhere, environmental stewardship is inherent to NASA's
objectives. This
plan aims to foster the energy aspects of environmental stewardship at
KSC. The purpose of this plan is to engage and challenge employees at all levels to
strive toward the following vision created by the EWG:
KSC utility use vision: A KSC that minimizes utility consumption and cost through an informed workforce making and implementing wise decisions.
KHB 8800.6 draft revision
The plan is valuable to KSC because it increases the likelihood of meeting the
Center's share of energy goals levied on the Agency. The document's 5-year planning horizon is just shy of the Fiscal Year (FY) 2010
end point of the current Federal energy goals, and as such, the plan steers
the Center toward the proper trajectory to meet the goals. Above and beyond the goals, it drives a spirit of continual improvement toward
environmental stewardship. Progress toward emergency conservation, ongoing conservation, and cost reduction
benefits KSC, NASA, the American public, and the world consistent with the
NASA energy mission statement. Progress toward the energy mission statement frees resources that NASA can utilize
in pursuit of its vision and mission. View KSC's Energy Plan here.
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Information system: JBOSC Energy Management Office manages Excel spreadsheet of monthly numerical consumption and cost data for facilities, vehicles, and other equipment. Each KSC Program reads its own electricity meters (mostly manually) and submits to JBOSC.
NASA Headquarters manages client/server application, NASA Environmental Tracking System (NETS), for Centers to submit quarterly consumption and cost reports, annual budget exhibits, annual accomplishments, and triennial Functional Management Review responses.
Monthly EUCR report: JBOSC Energy Management Office produces KSC's monthly Energy Utilization and Consumption Report, which is available by end of following month via email. Contact 867.8189/867.8199 for distribution requests.
Quarterly report to NASA HQ via NETS: JBOSC's Excel spreadsheet ends with quarterly consumption and cost summary of Standard Facilities, Energy Intensive Facilities, and Transportation. JBOSC Energy Management Office enters data into NETS by sixty days after quarter closes.
Annual Accomplishment
Report to NASA HQ via NETS: By end of each October, Energy Working Group (see Teams) representatives of KSC Programs enter into NETS brief summaries
of energy audits, projects, and initiatives accomplished
in previous fiscal year. Programs should contact Harry
Plaza, 867.8414, if additional user accounts are needed.
Triennial Functional Review via NETS: Every three years NASA HQ Code JE (Environmental Management Division) conducts an Energy and Water Management Functional Review at KSC. Center Operations Directorate coordinates input from KSC organizations to respond to a series of program management questions. Written responses and HQ observations are recorded in NETS.
If you would like to see previous recommendations and responses, contact Harry Plaza at 867.8414
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Consumption/Cost Forecast: Each March, the Energy Working Group (see Teams) creates a six-year cost forecast based on a consumption forecast for each Program's electricity and natural gas load (developed by the Program representatives) and a rate forecast (developed by the Chief Financial Officer's office and Center Operations Directorate).
Office of Management and Budget Exhibit 55 via NETS: By the end of each July, Energy Working Group (see Teams) representatives of KSC Programs enter into the NASA Environmental Tracking System (see NETS in Reports) forecasts of project, energy audit, rebate, and training costs for the current and next two fiscal years. Center Operations enters data from March's forecast plus other energy uses.
Contact the Energy Manager or your program energy contact if you would like more information about your energy budget.
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Current Initiatives:
In order to foster continual progress toward these goals, the EWG brainstorms program priorities at the beginning of each fiscal year. Many of the priorities require multiyear effort and continue from one year's list to the next. The following table shows FY 2004's list:
- Upgrade metering
- Upgrade energy spreadsheet to database with Web reporting
- Audit/initiate new big projects and investigate new fund sources
- Pursue/implement quick payback projects/initiatives and investigates new fund sources
- Prepare for Environmental Functional Review, 8.9.04 - 8.18.04
- Maintain/improve year-round awareness
- Maintain/improve reporting
- Improve energy efficiency of new construction/rehabilitation
- Contribute to NASA-wide energy program
Accomplishments:
- Projects in payload & space station processing facilities reduced energy costs by about $500,000 per year while improving temperature and humidity conditions. Team received KSC Environmental & Energy Bi-Annual Award and Department of Energy recognized the team's energy manager as Energy Champion on the "You Have the Power" awareness campaign poster.
- Partnered with FPL to implement $3.2M energy efficiency project that saves $443K/yr. Project was featured on DOE "You Have the Power" awareness campaign poster
- MILA energy team won a Federal Energy and Water Management Award for long-term efforts to improve energy efficiency, which saved about $100K/yr.
- USA/SRB combined a number of older checklists, made regulatory reference updates, and produced an Energy and Water Conservation Checklist which was submitted to the EWG for comments. After incorporating comments, it was submitted with a request it be made into an official KSC form. View the Energy Checklist here
- For the past 20 years there were seven air handlers (totaling 63,000 CFM) at
the ARF that ran full speed on 100% outside air. USA/SRB replacement of these units was completed in January 2005. The new units have variable speed drives and have recirculation capability to
allow them to operate at 10% outside air during unoccupied
hours. The energy savings is currently being monitored, but is expected to be significant,
especially as we get into the warm summer weather. View a photo of the new units here.
- An outside air pretreatment unit is being installed in facility L6-297 to pre-cool and dehumidify outside air before it's distributed to several fan coil units. This project will improve humidity control and indoor air quality while minimizing the use of reheat. Estimated completion by USA/SRB is early July 2005
- SGS completed the Solar heating system for desiccant renewal at the Film Storage Building, M6-639. Solar heat replaces an electric heating coil, saving $3,400/yr.
- SGS submitted a preliminary design to NASA for a remote Photovoltaic System to be implemented at L7-091 Land Fill
- SGS followed up on an AHU shut-down project in HQ Bldg. Run-time schedules are continuously adjusted at the C-2 console. This project continues to save about $30,000/yr.
- SGS replaced existing incandescent exit signs with LED exit lights that reduce energy use by as much as 95%
- SGS upgraded lighting on the 2nd floor of the EDL, M7-409
saving $1,000/yr.
- SGS integrated data loggers into electric meter reading. This effort has reduced man-hours and errors
- SGS performed energy audits at 11 facilities, totaling 144,000 square feet
- SGS completed EUCR, NETS, DUERS, and various other reports accurately and on time
- SGS EMO set up a booth during EEAW and EAM to inform KSC Employees about energy matters. The EMO "Guess the FPL Bill" contest is always a big hit. SGS EMO conducted several tours of solar installations at KSC in April and August
- SGS initiated an FPL UESC Study to replace existing heat plant boilers with Natural Gas Fired Modular Boilers
- SGS promoted the use of Alternate Fuels (E85 and Biodiesel) at the Spaceport. SGS EMO provided the first POV to be fueled by E85 at KSC. Many SGS GSA vehicles now sport an E85 decal
- SGS Shops completed numerous small repair jobs that kept energy use down. A simple example was WON 10155809, Repair Light Controls in M7-409 Parking Lot. Some of the photo cells in the parking lot light fixtures had failed, allowing the lights to stay on continuously. The SGS Low Voltage shop replaced the photocells
- The EMO included Power Demand readings into the meter-read function at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. SGS was able to include demand readings into the database for those meters that were demand capable. SGS benefits by being able to supply power demand data to SGS Design Engineering and subcontractor for their efforts in load flow analysis. The data is important to Substation Feeder design efforts
- SGS Shops installed tankless water heaters in the CIF and HQ Bldg. One replaced an uninsulated line from a hot water heater 100 feet away
- SGS Shops installed LED Exit signs in the BOB and O&C. By code, these lights must be on 24 hrs a day; replacing them with the most efficient lighting makes good sense. The expected life of LED's is more than 15 years, and they are vastly more efficient than the incandescents they replaced
- SGS EMO created the Energy Conservation Design Review
Checklist, ENG-F-EN01. SGS Energy is involved with Design Reviews; the checklist will help designers
to keep energy efficiency, life cycle costing, renewable energy, and
other federally mandated practices in the design process
- SGS Shops installed barcode labels on all KSC meters. The LV Electrical Shop received an "Awesome Achiever" Award for their "can do" attitude in implementing the use of handheld meter reading. SGS electricians now perform monthly data acquisition using Palm handheld devices. Increased detail can result in justifications of energy conservation projects and an automatic data range sanity-check reduces errors
- SGS EMO engineers contributed to numerous Design Reviews, suggesting energy saving opportunities during the design process
- SGS EMO engineers held a KSC-wide seminar on LEED, "What is Green Design" in February 2004
- SGS instituted a summer energy conservation program at the KSC Central Heat Plant. Reducing the secondary flow temperature resulted in a net savings of 21% in natural gas consumption. In October, Heat Plant foreman, George Broyles, received an "Energy Eagle" Award for his efforts
- The SGS EMO coordinated the JBOSC support for the triennial
NASA HQ Environmental Functional Review (EFR) and
the Energy and Water Management Functional Review
(EWFR) held at KSC during the week of
August 16, 2004. "The 2004 EFR evaluation rated all thirteen (13) compliance program areas at KSC
as green (healthy) as well as green indicators for
the NASA EMS and the KSC Energy and Water Management
Program." At the KSC Energy and Water Management Functional Review Out briefing in September,
the NASA Environmental Program Branch recognized
JBOSC contributor Ruth Ann Strunk as an "Environmental Functional Review Star"
- John Broughton acted as manager and "project champion" for the design and construction of the Photovoltaic Power System at Field Mill Site 18. His diligent efforts saved energy, conserved the environment, and ensured the successful completion of this solar power project. The Center Director, James Kennedy, presented John the "Environmental and Energy Leader" Award in May.
- Energy Working Group formed in FY 1991 (see Teams)
- Many lighting retrofits, but not 100% upgraded
- Central hot/chilled water replaced most stand-alone
- Natural gas conversion (boilers, vehicles, equipment)
- Upgraded LC-39 Emergency Power Plant
- Some HVAC DDC & air handler VFD upgrades
- Minimal solar photovoltaic for remote security (Photos)
Awareness & Awards
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Alternative Fuels:
National Biodiesel Board
National Clean Cities, Inc.
California Energy Commission
Student pages about several different energy sources
Directory
of links to Alternative Fuel websites - There are EV conversions, the electrochemistry of batteries and fuel cells,
U.S. Government research sites, university hybrid projects, regional EV
associations and international automobile manufacturers, among others.
Note: this page is no longer being updated
Frequently Asked Questions about Alternative Fuels
Q: Can I use E85 in my vehicle? (E85 is a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline.)
A: Look on the inside of your gas tank door. If
there is a sticker that says you have a flexible fuel vehicle,
then you can use E85. The KSC Citgo station sells E85. The National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition has a nationwide station locator on its
web site. http://www.e85fuel.com/index.php
Q: Can I use biodiesel in my car?
A: If you have a 1993 or later model, diesel vehicle,
then you can use biodiesel in your vehicle without making
any changes. You may need to change your oil and fuel filters more frequently at first as
the vegetable oil will "clean out" the sediments from your gas tank. If you have a new car, this won't be an issue. The KSC Citgo station sells B-20, which is 20% vegetable oil and 80% diesel. Biodiesel is better for your engine than diesel because it has better lubricity
and a higher octane number.
Work & Home Energy Saving Information:
Green building news and products
Web-based do-it-yourself home energy audit tool
U.S. DOE Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) home page
U.S. Department of Energy home page
Florida's Department of Environmental Protection, Energy Office
National
Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) home page
Federal Energy Management Program home page
SGS Energy home page
Energy Star products home page
Energy Information Administration home page
Florida Power & Light (FPL) Home Energy Saver home page
Progress Energy's (formerly Florida Power) home page
DOE fact and information page
Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) home page
Florida Solar Energy Center's (FSEC) home page
DOE's Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) home page
NUI City Gas Company of Florida's home page
Energy & Environmental Building Association (EEBA) home page
Developers of the LEED building rating system
Websites for your children:
Energy Hog Training Camp - learn how to improve energy efficiency of your home
Energy Quest home page - move the mouse over the objects in the room to find the places you can go
Get Wise Resource Action Programs - conservation programs designed to save the Earth's natural resources
E Patrol - your mission is to preserve the planet starting in your own home
Earth 911 kids link - pick your grade level and you will go to a section made just for you with games, activities great environmental links and lots of information
EPA
Kids Club home page - Explore your environment and learn about things you can do to protect it with
games, pictures, stories and other fun things
EERE for kids - visit Dr. E's Energy Lab for a variety of information
DOE for kids - provides online energy & science education for kids |
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Point of Contact: Harry
Plaza, KSC Energy Manager Office: 321.867.8414
Fax: 321.867.8040
Back to the Energy Program page |
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